The government of India is implementing preparatory measures and public health strategies to address potential Mpox cases. Mpox, previously known as Monkeypox, is a zoonotic viral disease with symptoms similar to Smallpox, though less severe. It typically resolves on its own within two to four weeks. Severe cases are more common in children and depend on factors such as virus exposure, patient health, and complications. It spreads through prolonged close contact with an infected person or direct contact with body fluids, lesion material, or contaminated items like clothing or linens. According to the Union Health Ministry, India has been taking proactive measures against Mpox. The country has implemented a comprehensive strategy involving expert consultations, enhanced surveillance, laboratory preparedness, and awareness campaigns. While remaining vigilant, Indian health authorities have assessed a low risk of a large-scale outbreak, demonstrating a balanced approach to public health management in the face of emerging infectious diseases.

In mid-August 2024, the World Health Organization declared the surge of Mpox cases in several parts of Africa a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This declaration emphasises the gravity of the situation and calls for increased global cooperation to address the outbreak.

Since the 2022 declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by WHO, 30 cases have been reported in India. As per WHO, 121 countries have reported a total of one lakh 3 thousand and 48 Mpox cases and 229 deaths globally between January 2022 to  31st of July this year. As of the 1st of this month, 15 African countries have reported 3 thousand 900 confirmed cases of the disease.  Congo, Burundi, and Nigeria are the three countries with the highest number of cases this year.