The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks. The two Nobel Laureates used tools from physics to develop methods that form the foundation of modern-day powerful machine learning. John Hopfield created an associative memory capable of storing and reconstructing images and other patterns in data. Geoffrey Hinton invented a method that autonomously identifies properties in data and performs tasks such as recognizing specific elements in images.